CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING BAITUL MAAL WAT TAMWIIL (BMT) IN INDONESIA USING ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS (ANP)

Aam S. Rusydiana & Abrista Devi

BMT (Baitul Maal Wat Tamwiil) aims to increase the welfare of members and society. The enactment of BMT in Indonesia is one of the best looking at the development of Islamic banking which are still centered over the middle to the society. In fact, BMT has grown into an alternative recovery condition of the economy in Indonesia, especially small entrepreneurs as a partner in the provision of capital. Though growing rapidly, BMT still encounters many obstacles in its development. 

This study tries to identify the dominant factors that has become obstacles in the development of BMT in Indonesia using Analytic Network Process (ANP). The results show that main problems can be  divided into four aspects, namely Human Resources, Technical, Legal and Structural, and Market/Communal. The overall problem decomposition shows priorities results, they are: 1) the lack of legal support; 2) the weak of supervision and coaching; 3) the absence of LPS; 4) lack of human resources understanding; and 5) competition. The level of agreement based on Kendall’s coefficient indicates that the value of Kendall’s (W) is between 0.592-0.742. The results show that between practitioners and experts relatively dissent in their opinion related to problems and solutions identifying of BMT development in Indonesia.

Keywords       : Baitul Maal wat-Tamwiil, Islamic Microfinance, ANP

MENGAPA EFISIENSI TIDAK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA BANK SYARIAH?

ISLAMIC GROUP LENDING MODEL (GLM) DAN KEUANGAN INKLUSIF: STUDI DAMPAK DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN

Abrista Devi & Aam S. Rusydiana

The lack of capital access from poor society to Indonesia banking is greater. These all are caused by poor society don’t have enough collateral which is requested by bank officer to get loan. Non-bank financial institution is one of micro-financial institution which has covered all of poor society and also maximizing the existency of UMKM, include social model credit capital (GLM).

The aim of this study to see the form of Group Lending Model (GLM) and its’ impact to their members social structure. This researce also tries to give the solutions such as the first GLM development strategy in other to be more effective and efficient. The methods used are Structural Equetion Modeling (SEM) and Interpretaive Structural Modeling.

Based on the measurement of some indicators there are the participation indext of society, society development, good repayment rate, good cross reporting, and penalty implications appropriate with the regulations. The results show that GLM programme, the society feel the differenciation from the economic and social condition between before and after following this programme. This is valuable invention for economic studies.

GLM development strategy are devided into 7 levels with its important elements are : the needy of similiarity fund access for all of financial institution. The needy of human resource quality development as the pioneer of group lending model, and the importance of inclusive financial to all financial system.

Keywords: Group Lending Model, Inclusive Financial, Structural Equation Model (SEM), Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM), Islamic Empowerment

DETERMINANT OF NON PERFORMING LOAN: THE CASE OF ISLAMIC BANK IN INDONESIA

Irman Firmansyah This paper analyzes the non-performing loan and its determinant. Using the monthly data of Islamic banks during 2010-2012, this paper found that size and efficiency of the banks do not affect the non-performing loan. On the other hand, GDP and inflation negatively affect the non-performing loan, while the liquidity of the bank positively affects the non-performing loan. The liquidity of also does not mediate the relationship between the size of the bank, their efficiency, the GDP and the inflation to the non-performing loan. Keywords: non-performing loan, liquidity, bank size, efficiency, sobel test, Islamic bank.

ANALISIS PENYEBAB PEMBIAYAAN BERMASALAH PADA BANK PEMBIAYAAN RAKYAT SYARIAH (BPRS)

Irman Firmansyah

NPF is indicator that show problem in managing finance at BPRS so that author interested to analyze factors that influence to NPF at BPRS in Indonesia there are size, FDR, BOPO, GDP and inflasi. This Research is empirical study at BPRS in 3 periods of observation in 2010-2012. 

Method applied this research is analytical quantitative method with empirical study approach. Data collecting technique by through secondary data that is data obtained from Indonesia sharia banking statistic. Analyzer applied is Ordinary Lease Square (OLS). The result shows that FDR and GDP have positivelly affect, inflasi have negativelly affect, but size and BOPO have not affect to NPF at BPRS in Indonesia

Keywords: Size, BOPO, FDR, GDP, Inflation, BPRS, Ordinary Lease Square (OLS)

ISLAMIC SOCIAL REPORTING (ISR) SEBAGAI PROKSI PENGUNGKAPAN CSR BANK MUAMALAT INDONESIA DAN BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI

Irman Firmansyah

This research aims to detect Islamic social disclosure in Islamic bank in Indonesia that measuresed with Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) Index. This research is done in two biggest Islamic banks in Indonesia that are Bank Muamalat Indonesia and Bank Syariah Mandiri for look comparison Islamic social disclosure. Analyzer applied in this research is content analysis. 

The result shows that Islamic social disclosure in Bank Syariah Mandiri is higger than Bank Muamalat Indonesia. But either Bank Muamalat Indonesia or Bank Syariah Mandiri not yet show result perfect disclosure measuresed from Islamic social reporting.

Keywords: Islamic Social Reporting, Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Bank Syariah Mandiri, Content Analysis

MAQASID SYARIAH INDEX (MSI) SEBAGAI UKURAN UKURAN KINERJA PERBANKAN NASIONAL

Aam S. Rusydiana & Zahra H. Azmina

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kinerja perbankan nasional serta meranking keenam bank tersebut berdasarkan maqasid syariah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Sakaran, simple addictive weighted method (SAW) dan Maqasid Syariah Indeks (MSI), sebab pengukuran kinerja dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap, yaitu: menentukan tujuan syariah, menghitung rasio kinerja, menentukan indicator kinerja serta menghitung jumlah akhir kinerja dengan MSI. 

Hasil penelitian tersebut membuktikan bahwa ukuran kinerja perbankan syariah berdasarkan total MSI lebih unggul daripada perbankan konvensional. Namun, di sisi tertentu seperti profitabilitas serta riset dan pengembangan, perbankan konvensional masih jauh lebih unggul jika dibandingkan perbankan syariah.

Keywords: Pengukuran Kinerja, Perbankan Nasional, Maqhasid Indeks, simple addictive weighted method (SAW)

ANALISIS EFISIENSI BANK UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA: PENDEKATAN DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS (DEA)

ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN DANA WAKAF TUNAI DI INDONESIA: PENDEKATAN METODE ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS (ANP)

Aam S. Rusydiana & Abrista Devi

Wakaf merupakan salah satu hukum Islam yang menyangkut kehidupan masyarakat sebagai ibadah ijtima’iyyah yang berfungsi untuk kepentingan masyarakat dalam rangka pengabdian kepada Allah SWT. Dalam prakteknya perwakafan di Indonesia saat ini menghadapi persoalan yang cukup rumit, karena umumnya merupakan wakaf non produktif. Berbicara tentang wakaf tunai, institusi wakaf tidak hanya sebagai ritualitas keagamaan tetapi bisa menyentuh aspek kemanusiaan dengan memberdayakan potensinya untuk kesejahteraan publik semaksimal mungkin.

Penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang dominan menjadi hambatan dalam pengelolaan dana wakaf tunai di Indonesia, dengan pendekatan metode Analytic Network Process (ANP), berikut prioritas solusi yang dapat ditawarkan.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa permasalahan yang muncul dalam pengelolaan dana wakaf tunai di Indonesia terdiri dari 4 aspek penting yaitu: aspek sumber daya manusia (SDM), aspek kepercayaan, aspek sistem, dan aspek syariah. Penguraian aspek masalah secara keseluruhan menghasilkan urutan prioritas: 1) masalah kepercayaan (dimana prioritas nomor satu masalah sub kriteria kepercayaan adalah lemahnya kepercayaan donator), 2) masalah syariah (yaitu tidak terpenuhinya akad wakaf, 3) masalah sumber daya manusia (yaitu penyelewengan dana wakaf), dan 4) masalah sistem (yaitu lemahnya sistem tata kelola). Adapun strategi yang dapat dibangun untuk mengembangkan wakaf tunai berdasarkan urutannya terdiri dari: 1) komputerisasi manajemen pengelolaan dana wakaf tunai, 2) pembentukan lembaga pendidikan wakaf, 3) peningkatan kualitas pengelola dana wakaf, dan 4) transparansi dan akuntabilitas.

Keywords: Cash Waqf, Management, ANP, Analytic Network Process

ANALISIS PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP PENGELUARAN ZAKAT PADA BANK UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA DENGAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI

Irman Firmansyah & Aam S. Rusydiana

Tithe is duty that must be taked to follow islamic religion belongs tithe companies. Therefore that islamic bank must takes tithe so that as according to guidance alquran. This research to analyze influence of profitability to tithe expenditure in Islamic Bank in Indonesia is moderated by size company. Profitability is measured by ROA and size company is measured by total asset. 

This Research is empirical study at Islamic Bank in Indonesia in 4 periods of observation in 2009-2012. Method applied in this research is analytical quantitative method with empirical study approach. Data collecting technique by through secondary data that is data obtained from website, literature and the bibliography. Analyzer applied is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The result shows that company size have moderated influence profitability to tithe expenditure at Islamic Bank.

Keywords:  Islamic bank, tithe expenditure, Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA)

APLIKASI METODE ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS (ANP) UNTUK MENGURAI PROBLEM PENGEMBANGAN BAITUL MAAL WAT-TAMWIIL (BMT) DI INDONESIA

Aam S. Rusydiana & Abrista Devi

BMT (Baitul Maal Wat tamwil) is oriented to increase the welfare of members and society. The enactment of BMT in Indonesia is one of the best looking at the development of Islamic banking which are still centered over the middle to the society. In fact, BMT has grown into an alternative recovery condition of the economy in Indonesia, especially small entrepreneurs as a partner in the provision of capital. Though growing rapidly, BMT are still encounter many obstacles in its development. 

This study tries to identify the dominant factors become obstacles in the development of BMT in Indonesia using Analytic Network Process (ANP). The results show that main problem can divided into four aspects, namely Human Resource, Technical, Legally and Structural, and Market/Communal. The overall problem decomposition show priorities result, they are: 1) the lack of legal support; 2) the weak of supervision and coaching; 3) the absence of LPS; 4) Lack of Human Resource understanding; and 5) competition. The level of agreement based on Kendall’s coefficient indicates the value of Kendall’s (W) is between 0.592-0.742. It showed that between practitioners and experts relatively dissents in their opinion related to problems and solutions identifying of BMT development in Indonesia.

Keywords         : BMT, Islamic Microfinance, ANP

SOCIAL DISCLOSURE PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA

Irman Firmansyah. Disclosure Analysis of Social Performance (Social Disclosure) Islamic Banking in Indonesia and Malaysia in Islamic Perspective. This research is archival research that aims to analyze social disclosure of sharia banking in Indonesia and Malaysia that measured with Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) with factors that influence it, among others size companies that measured by asset total, profitability that measured by Return On Asset (ROA), leverage that measured by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), liquidity that measured by Finance to Deposit Ratio (FDR), board of comisioner composition that measured by total of board of comisioner and country that made as dummy variable. Population in this research is all of sharia public bank in Indonesia and Malaysia. Sample determination by using purposive sampling so got 31 research objects in indonesia and 33 research objects in malaysian that analyzed by panel data regression with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model. This research result shows that size companies and board of comisioner composition are positive influential towards social disclosure of sharia banking, leverage is negative influential towards social disclosure of sharia banking, while profitability and liquidity are not influential towards social disclosure of sharia banking.  

Keywords: Islamic Social Reporting (ISR), Panel Regression, Islamic Banking

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MISKIN A LA GRAMEEN: PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM

Aam Slamet Rusydiana

Upaya pengentasan kemiskinan dapat dilakukan antara lain dengan memutus mata rantai kemiskinan itu sendiri, diantaranya adalah dengan pemberian akses yang luas terhadap sumber-sumber pembiayaan bagi Usaha Kecil dan Mikro (UKM) yang dilakukan oleh lembaga-lembaga keuangan bank maupun lembaga mikro. Lembaga keuangan mikro yang saat ini sedang fenomenal adalah Grameen Bank (GB) yang diprakarsa Muhammad Yunus di Bangladesh. Setelah Yunus mendapat Nobel Perdamaian dari PBB, Grameen kemudian mendunia.

Tulisan ini mencoba untuk menelisik lebih jauh tentang Model Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Grameen, dampak positif-negatif hingga pandangan Ekonomi Islam tentangnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa sisi positif Grameen Bank nampak jelas terlihat, meski beberapa hal tidak sejalan dengan prinsip ekonomi Islam: bunga yang relatif tinggi dan womensentris. 

Keywords: Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, UKM, Grameen, Ekonomi Islam

APAKAH BESAR KECILNYA UKURAN BANK MEMPENGARUHI HUBUNGAN ANTARA LIKUIDITAS DENGAN PEMBIAYAAN BERMASALAH PADA BANK PEMBIAYAAN RAKYAT SYARIAH (BPRS)

Irman Firmansyah

NPF is indicator that show problem in managing finance at BPRS so that author interested to analyze factor that influence to financing problems at BPRS in Indonesia that is liquidity and moderated by bank size. Liquidity is measured by FDR and size company is measured by total asset. This Research is empirical study at BPRS in 3 periods of observation in 2010-2012. 

Method applied this research is analytical quantitative method with empiricalstudy approach. Data collecting technique by through secondary data that is data obtained from Indonesia sharia banking statistic. Analyzer applied is simple regression and Moderating Regression Analysis (MRA). The result shows that FDR have positivelly affect to NPF and bank size have not moderating influence liquidity to NPF at BPRS in Indonesia.

Keywords: FDR, Bank Size, BPRS, Non Performing Financing, Moderating Regression Analysis (MRA)

MENGURAI MASALAH DAN SOLUSI PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO SYARIAH (LKMS) DI INDONESIA: PENDEKATAN METODE BOCR ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS (ANP)

  

Aam S. Rusydiana & Abrista Devi

LKMS merupakan lembaga keuangan yang berorientasi pada upaya peningkatan kesejahteraan anggota dan masyarakat. Lahirnya lembaga keuangan mikro syariah di Indonesia merupakan salah satu jawaban melihat perkembangan perbankan syariah yang masih terpusat kepada masyarakat menengah ke atas. Faktanya, LKMS telah tumbuh menjadi alternatif pemulihan kondisi perekonomian di Indonesia, khususnya sebagai partner para pengusaha kecil dalam penyediaan modal.

Walaupun tumbuh dengan pesat, namun LKMS masih mengalami banyak kendala dalam pengembangannya. Masih banyak permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh institusi ini baik dari sisi internal maupun eksternal. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab serta faktor-faktor yang dominan menjadi hambatan dalam pengembangan LKMS di Indonesia, dengan pendekatan metode BOCR Analytic Network Process (ANP), termasuk solusi strategis yang diusulkan.

Berdasarkan urutan prioritas, maka alternatif aspek menunjukkan bahwa aspek technical menjadi aspek prioritas, selanjutnya diikuti oleh aspek legal/structure, pasar/komunal, dan SDM.  Penguraian solusi secara keseluruhan menghasilkan urutan prioritas 1) Pembinaan/ sosialisasi/pendampingan masyarakat menjadi prioritas utama, selanjutnya diikuti oleh 2) inovasi produk, 3) lokasi strategis, 4) kerjasama dengan LKS lainnya, dan 5) menjadikan elemen eksternal sebagai pusat informasi dan media sosialisasi.

Sedangkan prioritas strategi yang dianggap dapat meningkatkan pengembangan LKMS di Indonesia terdiri dari: 1) mengoptimalkan peran pemerintah dalam pendanaan, 2) melakukan koordinasi dengan PINBUK, dan 3) linkage program LKMS-BMT-BPRS-Bank Umum Syariah.

Keywords: Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Syariah, BMT, ANP-BOCR, Benefit Opportunity Cost Risk

ANALISIS PEMBIAYAAN BAGI HASIL BANK UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

ANALISIS MASALAH PENGEMBANGAN SUKUK KORPORASI INDONESIA

Muhamad Jarkasih & Aam S. Rusydiana

The growth of corporate sukuk in Indonesia is relatively slow compare to the global trend of sukuk. Even this country have potential market and awareness to develop Islamic economic system. This paper tries to analyze the problem of developing corporate sukuk in Indonesia using Analytic Network Process (ANP) method. Proceeded by literature survey and in-depth interview with scholars, practitioners, and regulator of Islamic capital market to fully understand the problem. The cause of this problem can be grouped into four aspects, namely: 1) market player; 2) product characteristic; 3) regulation; and 4) government. This research finds that the problems of developing corporate sukuk in Indonesia could be summed up into two main causes from market player and regulation aspects, namely the lack of market player understanding and quality of human resource which involve in Islamic capital market, and also the uncertainty of tax regulations.

Some solutions that might put forward are to increase understanding of market player by promoting Islamic capital market intensively, and then providing quality of human resource by training and education comprehensively. Other suggested solution from government aspect is to give support through issuance sovereign sukuk. Moreover, the most effective policy strategy to overcome the problems of Islamic capital market, especially in developing corporate sukuk market is by implementing market driven strategy, where policies are made based on market demand consideration. 

Keywords: Islamic Capital Market, Corporate Sukuk, Analytic Network Process (ANP)

KORELASI ANTARA PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL, PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN PERKEMBANGAN INDUSTRI KEUANGAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

Aam Slamet Rusydiana

Di dalam konteks ekonomi terbuka, perdagangan internasional dalam hal ini adalah ekspor dan impor, dan aliran dana antarnegara menjadi sesuatu yang tidak dapat dinafikan perannya dalam pemberian kontribusi bagi pertumbuhan. Sedangkan untuk hubungan keduanya terhadap perkembangan industri keuangan syariah di Indonesia nampaknya hingga saat ini belum ada yang mencoba menelisik lebih jauh. Studi ini mencoba menganalisis pola hubungan antara perdagangan internasional, pertumbuhan ekonomi dan perkembangan industri keuangan dan bisnis syariah di Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode Vector Auto Regression (VAR) dan Vector Error Correction Model (VECM).

Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pola hubungan antara ekspor dan growth adalah bi-directional causation yakni growth driven export dan export led growth. Begitu pula variabel impor. Temuan lain yang menarik adalah bahwa ternyata booming industri syariah belakangan ini tidak berkorelasi positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia secara makro. Begitu pula fakta bahwa semakin besar growth Indonesia tidak diiringi dengan semakin suburnya industri keuangan syariah. Oleh karena itu, syarat utama agar share industri syariah Indonesia dapat tumbuh dan berkembang signifikan adalah perlu political will dari pemerintah.

Keywords: Perdagangan Internasional, Growth, Keuangan Syariah, VAR/VECM

MENGAPA ZAKAT INDONESIA TIDAK BERDAYA?: APLIKASI METODE ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS (ANP)

PENGARUH FINANCING TO DEPOSIT RATIO (FDR) DAN BOPO TERHADAP PEMBIAYAAN BERMASALAH PADA BANK PEMBIAYAAN RAKYAT SYARIAH (BPRS) DI INDONESIA

MEKANISME TRANSMISI SYARIAH PADA SISTEM MONETER GANDA DI INDONESIA

 Aam Slamet Rusydiana

The transmission mechanism of monetary policy has been an area of abundant economic research in many countries. The financial system links monetary policy and the real economy. Thus, events or trends that affect the financial system can also change the monetary transmission mechanism. This study tries to analyze shariah transmission mechanism in Indonesian dual monetary system, using Vector Auto Regression (VAR) and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) methods.

Results show that the relationship between SWBI (SBI Shariah) and shariah financing (LNFINCG) is negative. It means, when SWBI be higher, the quantity of shariah financing would be lower. And so do SBI and inflation (LNIHK). When the total of shariah financing be increase, it will gives positive contribution for reducing inflation rate in Indonesia, because with this system possibility to make equal growth among monetary and real sectors appears. Therefore, it will be strategic action for monetary authority to grow up shariah banking share in Indonesia, for minimizing ‘bad inflation’ in economy. Other recommendation, SWBI as shariah monetary instrument should be reconsidered to achieve positive impact for real sector.

Keywords: Shariah Transmission Mechanism, Dual Monetary System, Vector Autoregression, Error Correction Model